We have used
the Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Spectrograph (IRS) 22-mm peakup array to observe thermal emission from the nucleus and
trail of comet 103P/Hartley 2, the target of NASA’s Deep Impact Extended
Investigation (DIXI). The comet was observed on UT 2008 August 12 and 13, while
the comet was 5.5 AU from the Sun. We obtained two 200-frame sets of photometric
imaging over a 2.7-hour period. The comet showed extended emission beyond a
point source in the form of a faint trail directed along the comet’s
anti-velocity vector. Assuming a NEATM model for the nuclear emission with
beaming parameter of 0.95±0.20, the effective radius of the nucleus is 0.57 ±
0.08 km. With this nucleus size and a water production rate of 3 x 1028
molecules s-1 at perihelion (A’Hearn
et al. 1995) we estimate that ~100% of the surface area is actively
emitting volatile material at perihelion. Compared to Deep Impact’s first
target, comet 9P/Tempel 1, Hartley 2’s nucleus is one-fifth as wide (and so
about one-hundredth the mass) while producing a similar amount of outgassing at
perihelion with about 13 times the active surface fraction. Unlike Tempel 1, it
should be highly susceptible to jet driven spin-up torques, and so could be
rotating at a much higher frequency. Since the amplitude of non-gravitational
forces are surprisingly similar for both comets, close to the ensemble average
for the short period comets (Yeomans et al. 2004), we conclude that comet
Hartley 2 must have a much more isotropic pattern of time averaged outgassing
from its nuclear surface. Barring a catastrophic breakup or major fragmentation
event, the comet should be able to survive up to another 100 apparitions (~700
yrs) at the current rate of mass loss.